Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Associations - Essay Example In First Aid, an individual is instructed how to react to regular medical aid crises, for example, consumes, head, back just as neck wounds and cuts, while, in cardiopulmonary revival (CPR) and computerized outside defibrillator (AED), an individual is instructed how to react to heart and breathing crises in adults, just as how to utilize robotized outer defibrillators (AED). Blood borne pathogens preparing is intended for specialists on call, lifeguards, medicinal services experts and different representatives who are in danger for hands on presentation to body and blood liquids which can prompt contamination. This course helps with meeting the preparation necessities for the OSHA blood borne pathogens standard. This course teaches on the most proficient method to help stay away from presentation episodes through close to home cleanliness and legitimate cleaning, defensive gear, work practice and sterilizing of hardware. The organization’s Nurse Assistant Training Program furnishes a person with the information just as the experience required to develop to be a certified Nurse Assistant. The association has arranged individuals for work in the field of nursing for over a hundred years. The program weights on the significance of learning astounding correspondences aptitudes just as the Art of Care providing for offer caring consideration towards individuals inside the medicinal services framework. The understudies, through talk, pretending, DVDs, and research facility practice, can learn procedural abilities for example washing, crucial signs, dressing and situating (American Red Cross, 2). The National Headquarters of the association is situated at 430 seventeenth Street, Washington DC. The structure obliges craftsmanship and curios made by well known specialists got by the American Red Cross from when it was officially started, in 1881. Situated the front situation of this assortment are Tiffany

History of the Fall of Rome

History of the Fall of Rome Hesham Alsadiq For a long time, the Roman Empire confronted numerous difficulties from inside and without. Rome was neighbored by increasingly incredible states. The date of the ascent and fall of Rome is begging to be proven wrong. Antiquarians have additionally recognized shifted causes. Some accept that the fall of Rome denoted the start of the medieval times. Â 235-284ADÂ Age of confusion. In 184 AD, a great ruler named Marcus Aurelius kicked the bucket. He was prevailing by his child Commodus, who drove the treasury into chapter 11. This was the start of confusion in Rome. In 192 AD, Commodus troops killed him. The armed forces of the domain likewise assaulted each other as they contrasted on the perfect sovereign. On account of these interior wars, rehashed assaults by neighboring clans were effective. Had they been joined to battle their foes, maybe the Romans would have the option to safeguard themselves. The establishment of numerous heads inside a limited capacity to focus years shows the political insecurity and division that existed in Rome.[1] 285-305 ADÂ Tetrarchy and common wars. In 284 AD, General Diocletian became sovereign. Some type of solidness was reestablished during his rule. He partitioned the Roman Empire into two for simpler administration, the Eastern and Western Empires. Every head had a lesser co-sovereign. The Empire was governed by four heads during this period, every ruler having his own domain. Diocletian made sure about the outskirts of the domain, expanded the quantity of territories and made the armed forces larger2. Despite the fact that Diocletian figured out how to carry some monetary and political soundness to the domain, forcing high tax collection on the Romans made them lose confidence in their rulers. The abuses were additionally out of line to the Christians. The wars toward the finish of his rule fixed the change he brought and were a cost to the empire.[2] 306-363 ADÂ Establishment of Christianity. In 312 AD, Constantine became ruler in the East. He won a few common wars and later rose as the leader of the whole empire3 in 324 AD. He attempted to fortify Diocletians arrangements. He set up Christianity as the official religion and made the Christian mistreatments stop. As the Romans grasped Christianity, they started relying upon strict pioneers for direction and didn't perceive the authority of heads. Constantine likewise made a capital for the domain in the East. Accordingly, the Eastern Empire flourished more than the West in culture and financial development. Constantine passed on in 337AD. Constantines preferring of the East made the Western Empire more fragile. Poor financial development brings about swelling and powerlessness to guard a district from outer attacks.[3] 378 AD Battle of Adrianople There was thoughtful war until Theodosius I succeeded Constantine. In the late 300s AD, Germanic clans started to attack the Roman Empire. They looked for better everyday environments and fled because of assaults by the Huns, warriors from focal Asia4. In 378 AD, the Visigoths crushed the Romans at Adrianople. The Eastern Roman ruler, Valens, was slaughtered. Theodosius crushed the Western ruler and turned into the head. To end the long-standing fights with the Visigoths, Theodosius permitted them to live in the realm. He endeavored to utilize Christianity to carry solidarity to the empire.[4] When the Roman Empire turned into an objective for assaults, its fall was unavoidable. In spite of the fact that the sovereign attempted to look after harmony, this was not enduring. The thrashing at the fight exhibited Romes shortcoming. 395 ADÂ Final Split of the realm. In 395 AD, after Theodosius passing, the division of the Roman Empire got last. His children, Arcadius and Honorius, controlled the East and West separately. Honorius was nine years of age and clumsy. He was guided by a skilled general named Stilicho5. Arcadius was eighteen and had co-governed the Eastern Empire ten years sooner with his dad. They governed every one of their districts independently, denoting the perpetual split of the domain. Situation of youngsters in places of intensity debilitated the initiative of the domain. The domain was additionally more grounded when it existed as a unit. This split made an escape clause for attacks.[5] 401-454 AD Attack and catch of Rome. In spite of the fact that they lived in the Roman Empire, the Visigoths confronted antagonistic vibe, high tax collection, and prejudice6. They neglected to confide in the new sovereigns and had perceived their shortcoming. In 410 AD, under the direction of their pioneer Alaric, they assaulted Rome. They annihilated enormous properties possessed by the Romans. While trying to intercede, Stilicho purposed to unite with the Visigoths to vanquish the Huns. He was guillotined when suspected to be a backstabber. The domain turned out to be amazingly debilitated by these assaults. At this point, it wouldn't have been long until the realm fell. Reasonable treatment of the Visigoths may have forestalled the assault. AD476 The fall of the Emperor of Rome Different gatherings kept on attacking the realm. In 455 AD, a Germanic clan known as the Vandals attacked Rome. In 476 AD, the Western ruler Romulus Augustus was vanquished by a German fighter named Odoacer6. Odoacer pronounced himself ruler, denoting the finish of the Western Roman Empire. The Eastern Roman Empire endured an additional thousand years. With a brute as the leader of the West, the underlying personality of the Roman Empire was currently wrecked. There were no way to remake the domain. The ascent of Christianity stands apart as the fundamental factor adding as far as possible of the Roman Empire. At the point when the domain began, Christianity was not perceived. At the point when Constantine was sovereign, he was effectively associated with Christian strategy making. Theodosius made it a state religion during his rule. These heads were looking for a way to bind together the domain. This religion being monotheistic was a lot of not at all like the conventional polytheistic Roman Religion. The change was radical. Numerous assets were used in attempting to authorize Christianity as a state religion. Families parted with their girls to become nuns. This caused an extraordinary populace decay. The Christians would not join the armed forces as customs were included routinely. They additionally openly gave a segment of their pay to the congregation as a feature of their strict works on, causing a redirection of riches. Christian abuses added to the previously existing inner clashes in the domain. The conflict made the Romans incapable to handle wars from outside powers. Church pioneers got powerful in the administration. They utilized prophetic books for direction to pioneers on the most proficient method to prevail in wars. The Roman individuals started relying upon these pioneers for direction rather than prepared military and managerial pioneers. The Romans had recently respected the heads as divine beings. With the fame of Christianity and confidence in one God, the rulers were less persuasive. The fall of Rome, be that as it may, was not brought about by a solitary occasion. Such factors as the division of the domain into two, expansion, monetary unsteadiness, and military issues additionally contributed. The various intrusions debilitated the military barriers and prompted the possible ousting of the sovereign. fourth September, 476 AD appears as the date Rome stopped to exist. This is the point at which the Western Roman Emperor was deposed and nobody else was proclaimed ruler. List of sources Jones, A. H. M. October 1955 the decay and fall of the Roman Empire. History 40, no. 140 (1955): 209-226. Ferrill, Arther. The fall of the Roman Empire: The military clarification. London: Thames and Hudson, 1986. Jones, A. H. M. October 1955 the decay and fall of the Roman Empire. History 40, no. 140 (1955): 209-226. Williams, Stephen. Theodosius: The realm under control, London: Batsford, 1994) Gibbon, Edward. History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Volume 2. Blue Unicorn Editions, 2001. [1] Jones, A. H. M. October 1955 the decay and fall of the Roman Empire. History 40, no. 140 (1955): 209-226. [2] Ferrill, Arther. The fall of the Roman Empire: The military clarification. London: Thames and Hudson, 1986. [3] (Jones, A. H. M. October 1955 the decay and fall of the Roman Empire. History 40, no. 140 (1955): 209-226.) [4] (Williams, Stephen. Theodosius: The domain under control, London: Batsford, 1994) [5] (Williams, Stephen. Theodosius: The domain under control, London: Batsford, 1994)

Will Bourdain Break Through as a Brand-Name Imprint

Will Bourdain Break Through as a Brand-Name Imprint Giving a celebrity a book imprint might sound like the equivalent of bestowing a horse-drawn carriage. (Imagine the maintenance.) But this fall, HarperCollins announced a new publishing imprint helmed by media star Anthony Bourdain. Bourdain will release three to five books a year, published by Ecco, with the all-together-now moniker “Ecco: An Anthony Bourdain Book.” No release dates have yet been set, but my mind is already eggbeater-ing over the possibilities. What kinds of titles will they acquire and will Bourdain’s name actually drive sales? In many ways, the pairing makes sense. Bourdain and Dan Halpern, Eccos president and publisher, go way back. Bourdain’s first bestseller, Kitchen Confidential, was one of Ecco’s early titles after the press was bought by HarperCollins. Both Bourdain and Halpern describe years of “over the table” conversations about exciting chefs and authors. Halpern credits Bourdain with pushing him to publish cookbooks by Fergus Henderson and Ferran Adrià. Somehow I imagine these talks happening over a roast suckling pig and many tumblers of wine â€" greasy chins and happy grins. Hopefully they’ll keep this two-hander up. But even if Bourdain gets nearly free rein with his selection, there’s cause for optimism. He’s a voracious but choosy reader. In interviews over the years, he’s raved about Michel de Montaigne and Ludwig Bemelmans, along with the authors you expect him to love (here’s looking at you, Hunter S. Thompson). In the press release, Bourdain indicates that his imprint could include fiction and non-fiction, new authors and old, ebooks and print. He adds, “Were presently looking at an initial list composed of chefs, enthusiasts, fighters, musicians and dead essayists.” And while he relishes the fact that “I’m doing this because… I can,” he kicks against the idea of a vanity project. As he told Eater.com: “this is NOT some cynical bullshit list were talking about.” So I’m hopeful about the authors Bourdain might introduce or champion. Ecco and HarperCollins may benefit from celebrity-driven sales, but I think Bourdain will focus on excellent and unusual writing. On the other hand, my skeptical side wonders: How will Bourdain carve out time from his new TV show, media appearances, and other projects to find, cultivate, and publicize his authors? Who will actually edit the books? How much skin does Bourdain have in the game? There’s been a little rash of celeb imprints in the past year. This month, HarperCollins touted another new imprint, for mystery writer Dennis Lehane. Deepak Chopra and Chelsea Handler each landed namesake imprints, at Crown and Hachette respectively. Next year is shaping up to be a proving ground, when we’ll see if publishers can actually cash in on such name brands. Daniel “Harry Potter” Radcliffe has been pretty vocal about all the great authors he enjoys â€" perhaps he’s subtly gunning for an imprint of his own. If another celebrity was going to grab the imprint spotlight, who would you nominate? Did I hear you say Cher? Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books.

Genomic Basis For The Convergent Evolution Of Electric

Article 1. Gallant, Jason R. et al. 2014. Genomic basis for the convergent evolution of electric organs. Science 344 (6191) :1522-1525. †¢ (Ho)- The electric organs are a characteristic in electric fishes that have changed separately numerous times over generations and are used to make electricity to navigate, to communicate, to help in defense and to aid in catching and eating prey but have no similarities between the lineages. †¢ (Ha)- The electric organs are a characteristic in electric fishes that have changed separately numerous times over generations in order to make electricity to navigate, to communicate, to help in defense and to aid in catching and eating prey but have similarities between the lineages, like pathways that affect certain cells and similar transcription factors. †¢ The article was an experimental article. One of the methods used was next generation sequencing technologies in order to make an assembly of the electric eels genome. The experiment also used variance filtering in order to show sets of tissue specific regulated genes and used de nova transcriptome assembly in various different species skeletal muscles. They also used reciprocal BLAST seeking of the group of electric eel genes accompanied by the matches that were also identified through manual conformation. They concentrated on convergent assets of electrical organs against skeletal muscle amid lineages, and then inspected arrangements of gene expression in developmental passageways

The Story Of Madame Mathilde Loisel - 874 Words

The story begins with the main character Madame Mathilde Loisel. She is the charming and tall lady, did not belong to the wealthy family. She always dreamed to be rich and live the life like wealthy people. She dressed simple, as she cannot afford expensive dresses. She marries to a clerk and works with the Minister of Education. He was not wealthy, but in good condition that he can keep her happy. He is simply honest and hardworking person. In the story the author states She suffered from the poverty of her dwelling, from the wretched look of the walls, from the worn-out chairs, from the ugliness of the curtains (Para 3). She wants expensive interior decor like silk curtains and delicate furnishing. The author from the source states She always dreamed of a life of leisure, with attentive servants and a large home, but her lifestyle is decidedly more modest. She was ashamed of her status, so she do not meet her wealthy school friend. One evening her husband came home with the invitation to the ball planned by his boss, the Minister of Education. The author Maupassant states Here s something for you (Para 9). He had trouble getting the invitation and her reaction to that was throwing it. She says in the (Para 12) What do you want to do with that? as she did not have anything appropriate to wear among the rich people. The maupassant s states Why, the dress you go to the theater in (Para 19). Her husband tries to please her with that invitation, so that sheShow MoreRelatedThe Necklace by Guy de Maupassant1034 Words   |  5 Pageswas considered one of France’s greatest short-story writers. His writings were mostly influenced by the divorce of his parents when he was thirteen years old and by great writers such as Shakespeare, Schopenhauer, and Flauber. His parent’s divorce caused his stories to depict unhappiness of matrimony, deceit, miscommunication, and a profound misunderstanding (Maupassan t, Guy de, 1850-1893). In the short-story â€Å"The Necklace,† Madame Mathilde Loisel, an unhappy person living in Paris, France, isRead MoreAn Ironic, Witty Short Story by Guy de Maupassant, The Necklace1023 Words   |  5 Pagesshort stories, he is a French author who lived in the 19th century. Born in 1850 at the Chateau de Miromesnil in France, to a lone literary mother who passed on her passion for books to Guy. The author’s writing style is characterized by economy of style, brilliant irony and elegant denouement. Maupassant wrote over 300 short stories, six novels, three travel books, and a volume of verse. Maupassant incorporated genres such as realism and naturalism within his works and his first published story; â€Å"BouleRead MoreExamples Of Literary Elements In The Necklace1375 Words   |  6 PagesTwo examples of these short stories are â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupossant and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† by James Thurber. â€Å"The Necklace† is about a materialistic woman who faces consequences because of her envious personality and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† is about a man who experiences daydreams randomly throughout the day. Although both short stories used literary elements, Guy de Maupassant utilized them for readers to understand and enjoy the story more than James Thurber. â€Å"TheRead MoreDifferent Characters In The Diamond Necklace, By Guy De Maupassant1260 Words   |  6 Pagesin high places.’ Many story characters are flawed, and the most interesting and sometimes brainless ones are the characters who have big egos, and blame their faults on others to prevent their pride from being bruised. The author of ‘The Diamond Necklace’ , Guy De Maupassant, develops the character Mathilde Loisel through different actions, speech and personality. Firstly, Guy De Maupassant develops the character through her personality. As far as the beginning goes, Mathilde is a selfish swine whoRead MoreWhat Is The Value Of Honesty In The Necklace By Guy De Maupassant1132 Words   |  5 Pageswoman named Mathilde Loisel who lives a poor life, but constantly fantasizes what it would be like to be wealthy. The story starts out by stating, although she was born into a pitiful life, she was still â€Å"pretty and charming†(Page 1), but these great traits don’t seem to matter, as she is still very unhappy. This disparaging attitude about how unlucky Mathilde’s life is, leads her to learn one of life’s most important lessons and personality traits. Honesty. The author of the story even goes soRead MoreMadame Loisel Is Unhappy Because She Is Ashamed Of Her Social Standing979 Words   |  4 PagesMadame Loisel is unhappy because she is ashamed of her social standing. Madame Loisel has always dreamed of a luxurious life with servants and such, and is unhappy because she is not wealthy. She becomes even more upset when she was invited to a ball. It upsets her because she thinks she has anything to wear which is appropriate for the occasion. Then she is upset because she doesn t have appropriate jewelery. However the base of those complaints that she is unhappy in her social standing. MmeRead MoreThe Necklace By Guy De Maupassant1381 Words   |  6 PagesTwo examples of these short stories are â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupassant and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† by James Thurber. â€Å"The Necklace† was about a materialistic woman who faced consequences because of her envious personality and â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† was about a man who experienced daydreams randomly throughout the day. Although both short stories used literary elements, Guy de Maupassant utilized them for readers to understand and enjoy the story more than James Thurber. â€Å"TheRead MoreGuy de Maupassant Writes in Third Person919 Words   |  4 Pagescrucial for the way a story is perceived by the reader. Guy de Maupassant uses a third-person limited perspective and the narrator reveals the thoughts and feelings of one character. Explicit narration directly reveals the main character’s internal and external conflict. Guy de Maupassants limited third person narrator creates a vivid character, struggling to acknowledge her lower class and teaches a powerful theme about the dangers of envy . The symbolism throughout the story strengthens Mathilde’sRead MoreThe Necklace By Guy De Maupassant1093 Words   |  5 Pagesshort story titled â€Å"The Necklace† by Guy de Maupassant, it is clear that the main themes being stressed are pride versus greed, and that things are not quite what they appear. Each of these things are represented throughout the story in some way, whether it be using animated language or symbolism. It is also clea r that background information clearly aided the development of the themes Maupassant incorporated throughout the passage. It is seen throughout the story that the main character Madame MathildeRead MoreResponse to Literature : The Necklace Essay examples1075 Words   |  5 Pagescarefully portrayed in this story, â€Å"The Necklace†. The story is about a young woman named Mathilde Loisel. Born in a family of artisans, she wasn’t rich, but beautiful and glamor. But she never feel satisfied of what she had and never stop dreaming to have more, to live a luxury life with expensive homes and glittering dresses, and eventually paid hard for her nonsense dreams. In â€Å"The Necklace†, Guy de Maupassant uses third person limited narration to show how Mathilde Loisel changes in how she looks

Using Sociology Topics for Essay

Using Sociology Topics for Essay Technology or social networking topics are something that everybody would like to investigate because so lots of us are concerned about our own use of phone and societal media. Our writing services are expedited to be certain that all our customers obtain their papers punctually. The student should seek out relevant information based on this issue. After you've narrowed the collection of materials, you're prepared to analyze the info. What Is So Fascinating About Sociology Topics for Essay? Essays are defined based on the main purpose of the writing. Most times, the introduction has become the most complex section of an essay as it influences the remainder of the paper. The word Abstract ought to be centered horizontally with no distinctive formatting. The best essays are always likely to come from individuals who actually care about what they're writing. The literature also needs to be an original work. There are a couple of main thing s you want to learn about before you even begin picking social issues essay topics. It is possible to access lots of sociology essay examples on our website for free. Take great notes and remember sociology is all about concepts. Just take a peek at our list of flawless sociology essay topics and elect for the one that you locate the most exciting. Studying sociology is essential for understanding a variety of troubles and resolving them. Studying sociology involves lots of written assignments, but they're largely similar concerning approach to writing. When you have no more unanswered questions concerning what you should do, it's time for you to begin gathering data for your sociology essay. As soon as you've selected a fantastic sociology paper topic, the rest will be simple! For sociology, the secret is to keep the language easy and bountiful. The Lost Secret of Sociology Topics for Essay A research paper on global warming can concentrate on one of the numerous facets of the subject, pinning down a specific issue and trying to answer relevant yet unanswered questions. As sociology has lots of branches and covers a great deal of issues, there's a point to group the topic suggestions dependent on the spheres they belong to. If you are fighting to develop an idea for a well-crafted paper, think about asking yourself a wide variety of cultural anthropology research questions. An excellent research paper idea may have a narrow focus or a broader perspective on an issue which affects a wide swath of individuals. Using Sociology Topics for Essay Arguments ought to be convincing and reasonable. Essays are among the most commonly employed forms or writing. It is an impossible task to compose an essay without preliminary preparation a professor would highly rate. Sociology is, undoubtedly, a fascinating subject, particularly if you're fortunate enough to find a progressive-thinking professor. Contrary to other subjects like English or history, sociology is a comparatively new subject for the huge majority of students. Sociology is the effort to comprehend how society works. Taking the one from lists supplied by means of a tutor is not an alternative for conscious and motivated students. Following are a few of the suggested sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to decide on a great topic for their assignment. However good your writing skills are, you can't possibly devise a top-notch sociology essay in one night. It is simple for a student to discover reliable details on any sociology topic. Up in Arms About Sociology Topics for Essay? When you compose a social issue essay, it is crucial to demonstrate your private view of the issue. Think carefully about the question you're likely to reply. Thus, remember that in such an important field as environmental sociology, there are several essential things to discuss. If your reply is because God! After a couple weeks of research, it looks like there isn't anything researchable left on topics. Report research papers are generally utilized in the workplace and company environments. Sociology differs from the remaining social disciplines since it is related to statistical data to a substantial extent together with on interpretative assessment and written materials. Sociology is a field with a variety of applications in today's world.

Music Video Analysis Pretty Hurts by Beyonce Essay Example For Students

Music Video Analysis Pretty Hurts by Beyonce Essay The video I chose to analyze is Beyonce Knowles’ â€Å"Pretty Hurts,† from her album Beyonce which was released in 2013. The music video was directed by Melina Matsoukas. The song starts off with a pageant host asking Beyonce, who plays a pageant contestant, what is her aspiration in life and Beyonce answers â€Å"to be happy. † To me, the song Pretty Hurts, means someone who goes above and beyond to try and fit in and be something they are not. In the end, they may become what they have been trying to become but deep down inside they still will not be happy with themselves. We will write a custom essay on Music Video Analysis Pretty Hurts by Beyonce specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The song â€Å"Pretty Hurts† is a voice that targets young girls and portrays a mother’s contradiction. The music video however, signifies the reality of life and sets a mood to the viewers. The beginning of the song creates the setting of the video, a pageant scene. The song goes on and Beyonce begins to sing about how her mother always told her that beauty is all that matters in this world: â€Å"Mama said, Youre a pretty girl, whats in your head, it doesnt matter. † The chorus of the song contradicts what her mother tells her because the chorus sings about how women struggle to be perfect to fit society’s standard of beauty. Beyonce also sings about how people should not focus only on physical beauty because that is not all that matters instead they need to focus on the beauty within which is self-love. The song is about loving oneself and not striving for perfection because we all know no one is perfect. In the music video Beyonce plays a pageant contestant who strives to be perfect to fit in with the other girls she is competing with, but no matter how hard she tries she cannot succeed. The music video to â€Å"Pretty Hurts† would be considered a conceptual video because the purpose of the video was not to tell a story but to create a certain mood. The mood that the video created for me was sympathetic. After watching the video, I had sympathy for Beyonce’s character in the video because she was very relatable. The video could also convey a sad mood to some people because they may relate to the scene where Beyonce forces herself to throw up to lose weight because people think she is too big. The video could put some people in an angry mood because they may not agree with what it portrays. Some people may watch the video and think that the video is trying to promote the idea that girls need to fit in to society’s standard of beauty. Many people can watch the video and relate to it some way or another. There is an obvious connection between the song lyrics and the music video. The song lyrics start off with a pageant host asking a pageant contestant a pageant question while the setting of the video was a pageant contest. The connection between the video and the lyrics is the theme it shares which is finding the beauty in imperfection. The theme of the song is expressed in the video when Beyonce does all she can to look perfect to win the pageant contest but even though she does not win she finds the beauty she has within because she realizes that she is her own definition of pretty. I believe the music video targets young girls who look up to celebrities and assume that they are perfect because society makes it seem like they are. The video targets these young girls because the storyline of the video is very appealing to young girls. Most young girls dream of being crowned the winner of a beauty pageant which is why I believe Beyonce used a pageant contest as the plot of the music video to appeal to young girls. Another technique the music video uses to target young girls as the audience is in the video Beyonce does some very controversial acts like making herself vomit to lose weight and be thinner. The music video does this to show young girls the real truth behind what it takes to be society’s definition of pretty. .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e , .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e .postImageUrl , .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e , .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e:hover , .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e:visited , .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e:active { border:0!important; } .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e:active , .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud28b614416bf9568cabca4a4d73c7b0e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: For the love of music EssayThe music video mainly focuses on Beyonce throughout the video and not much of the other characters because people look at Beyonce and assume she is perfect and has everything going for her. I believe Beyonce purposely made the video focus on her because she wants to show people that she is not perfect and she too struggles to fit in to society’s standards. When Beyonce loses the pageant contest, I believe that is a symbol of how she is not perfect and she does not always win. A symbol that stood out to me while watching the video was in the end after Beyonce lost the competition she threw all the trophies off the stand and smashed them. The smashing of the trophies symbolizes an act of release. She grew up all her life trying to be picture perfect like her mother taught her. She altered her physical appearance to be more appealing to the public just to win a trophy. When she finally became overwhelmed by everything she went through to look perfect the trophies were not worth it anymore. Her smashing the trophies was a symbol of her breaking free from society’s standard of beauty. She finally realized her worth and the importance of self-love which is why in the end there was a scene of her in her natural beauty. She was content with not being perfect like everyone perceived her to be. I think the music video is more powerful than the song lyrics because it gives the viewers a visual of what the song is about. The music video stirs up more emotions than the lyrics because viewers who watch the video can see the emotions of the characters in the video and can make connections with the video. Bibliography: Matsoukas, M.  (Producer). (2013). Pretty Hurts . September 17, 2014, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXXQLa-5n5w.

Nuke The Bastards! A Satire Essays - , Term Papers

Nuke The Bastards! A Satire NUKE THE BASTARDS! A SATIRE The decision to drop the atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was perhaps the greatest American achievement since the defeat of the Native Americans and their containment in reservations. Not only did it swiftly end the war but it showed the Russians who held the upper hand. It also paved the way for the Cold War, which increased Americas war machine to the unparalleled level its at today, as well as numerous memorable events such as the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. There was simply no other way to win without dropping the bombs. It was evident at the time that the only way to end the war quickly, as well as establish an advantage over the Russians, was to eliminate only about 300,000 Japanese people in a spectacular demonstration of American military power. Demonstrating the nuclear weapon to the Japanese with a surrender or this will happen to you type of ultimatum would have done nothing but made the Japanese fight harder and longer, causing hundreds of thousands of American deaths. The American military forces were at the end of their tethers, so invasion would have been impossible without significant loss of life. Through the years of island hopping and fighting the fortified Japanese forces, the Americans knew that the Japanese fought to the last man. In the months prior to the atomic bombings, Japanese civilians were being trained with basic weaponry and hustled into the military, ready to ward of invasion to protect their emperor. Without demonstrating with a firm hand what was demanded by unconditional surrender, the Japanese would never have given up. When faced with total destruction, they chose to lay down their arms and allowed a peaceful invasion to take place. Since then, Japan has grown as one of the leading technological countries in the world. As for the civilians killed and the controversies that have gone on through the years as a result of their deaths, it was a demonstration. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the chosen targets mainly because of their military targets and for the geography. Scientists at the time did not know the full range of the atomic blast, and the tall mountains that mostly surrounded the two cities provided a way to contain the nuclear explosion. The number of civilians killed by the atomic blasts is greatly outnumbered by the total number of American and Japanese combined casualties that would have resulted from an American military invasion of Japan. The Russians at the same time were experimenting with nuclear technology. They had not yet figured out how to make the atomic bombs. When they witnessed Hiroshima and Nagasaki, they knew that America had won the atomic arms race. When President Truman learned that the atomic bomb had been successfully tested he dealt with the Russians firmly and aggressively during the negotiating between leaders of both countries. Prime Minister Winston Churchill stated, He told the Russians just where they got off and generally bossed the whole meeting. Essentially this sparked many significant cultural events, most notably the Cold War and the Korean War, in which the United States has come out victorious. One could say that the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki have sparked events that have led to America being the most powerful country in the world. Without using nuclear weapons, America would not have made it out of World War II and come out on top. The Japanese were an enemy that would never cease fighting, and the Russians were a threat lingering in the background. It was a definite landmark in the history of the United States military as well as technological branches. In order to save millions of people from potentially years of fighting, the bombs were dropped and history ran its course. Creative Writing

Optimum Dividend Policy The WritePass Journal

Optimum Dividend Policy INTRODUCTION Optimum Dividend Policy INTRODUCTIONTESCO PLCAPPLE INCORPORATIONDIVIDEND AND DIVIDEND POLICYTHEORIES OF DIVIDEND POLICYDIVIDEND IRRELEVANCE THEORYDIVIDEND RELEVANCE THEORYRESIDUAL THEORYZERO DIVIDEND POLICYCONCLUSIONREFERENCERelated INTRODUCTION It is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the significance of dividend policy, considering the fact that payment of dividend reduces earnings available for investment and increase external financing for investment purpose. Most households, investors and pensioners rely heavily on the dividends from their investments to make ends meet. A lot of theories have emerged regarding the dividend decisions made by companies. While some are of the opinion that the choice of dividend is irrelevant to the value of shareholder wealth, provided all retained earnings are invested in projects that give a positive net present value, others held the view that the capital structure decision is relevant as the cost of loan capital is cheaper than that of equity and as such advocates external source of financing as oppose to the use of dividends. This report will therefore examine some of the theories on dividend policies using five year dividend policy of Tesco Plc and Apple Incorporation. TESCO PLC Tesco is a retail store whose head office is in United Kingdom.   It has an unrivalled FTSE 100 record of increasing dividend for the 26th consecutive year. Its major shareholders as at July 2010 are Blackrock Inc which owns 5.24%, Legal general Investment Management Limited which owns 3.71% of the issued share capital of the company, Berkshire Hathaway Inc, 3.02% (Annual report, 2010, pp. 1-3 45). Tesco Plc final dividend payout extracted from the annual reports between 2006 to 2010 is: YEAR:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  2006  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2007  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2008  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2009  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2010 DIVIDEND (pence):  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6.10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   6.83  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   7.70  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   8.39  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   9.16 APPLE INCORPORATION Apple is an American multinational corporation incorporated in 1977 which manufactures computers, computer accessories and mobile phones. In 1980, the company went public, selling 4.6 million shares at a price of $22 per share and closing at $29. (CNET news, 1997). The company does not pay dividends despite its continuous increase in shares arising from the success in new products lunch. Below gives an overview of Apple dividend history. Year  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2009  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2008  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2006  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      2005 Dividends  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  $0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $0     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $0 Price  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $170.31   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $110.99   $198.08  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $84.84  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   $0 Estimated EPS (year)   $5.84, Estimated EPS (quarter)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $1.38 Estimated EPS Growth 18.58%, Payout Ratio  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   0.00%. DIVIDEND AND DIVIDEND POLICY Dividend is a cash payment made to shareholders on a quarterly or twice in a year basis based on the amount of shares held and dependent upon the dividend policy adopted by the company.   It is normally paid to every shareholder at the record date and can be either in cash or reinvested into the business to generate capital gains (Atrill and McLaney, 2008, pp. 138-139). They are paid out of profit after deducting interest and tax liabilities and the Company Act 1985 makes it mandatory for companies to pay dividend out of accumulated net realised profit, taking into consideration any accumulated loss according to Consultative Committee of Accountancy Bodies (Watson and Head, 2007, p.84). Dividend can be also in the form of bonus shares whereby instead of shareholders receiving cash as dividend, they receive additional share known as script dividend (Atrill, 2009, p. 365). Some companies like Google and Apple have a zero-dividend stock while others like Tesco Inc pays dividend. THEORIES OF DIVIDEND POLICY There is increasing pressure for companies to cut dividend in order to finance projects that gives a positive net present value using retained earnings which is a major source of finance for companies in the United Kingdom (Watson and Head, 2007, p. 285). Retained earnings are being used because there are no issue costs involve and are quick to raise (ACCA F9, 2010, p. 556). However, the decision of a company to use retained earnings to finance its investments will be dependent on the attitude of shareholders and capital market to a reduction in dividend, availability and cost of external sources of finance and amount of fund require relative to the available distributable profits (ACCA F9, 2010, p. 285). The following are some of the dividend policy theories that will be discussed in this report. DIVIDEND IRRELEVANCE THEORY This theory was pioneered by Modigliani and Miller in 1961. It argued that in a perfect capital market where there is the absence of transaction costs, taxation and market imperfections, shareholders are concerned with increase in wealth and will be indifference to whether the increase is a result of capital gain or dividend (ACCA F9, 2010, p. 556). To an investor, whether a firm pays dividend or not should make no difference to the value of the firm and it does not counts whether it is paid out as dividend or reinvested to yield a capital gain as dividend policy does not have any effect on share price (Chiang et al, 2006, pp.6413). This supports Human Resource Director of Aspire Plc   of one dividend policy being as good as another as it has no effect on share price. Thus a company can choose to pay any amount of dividend and use retained earnings to finance projects that have positive net present value and maintain that shareholders who invest in a financial geared business will want a return that is the same with the return they will get from investing in a similar business that is ungeared and that returns the shareholders require from borrowing will remain unchanged with increase in levels of borrowing (Atrill, 2009, p. 344). Their argument is founded on the assumption that having a good security for the loans will prevent lenders from seeking additional returns. Modigliani and Miller fail to realised that human nature being naturally selfish and the business environment being chaotic, complex and unpredictable will make lenders seek higher returns so as to safe guard against such risk as global recession. Investors suffered dividend cuts with investments worth billions reduced to nothing in the wake of the financial crisis which were not matched by a reciprocal austerity on the part of investment bankers (Jones, 2011). Shareholders will require higher return due to the risk, inflation and interest.   Moreover, their argument is founded on three assump tions of an ‘ideal business world’ devoid of share issue costs, market imperfections, transaction costs and taxation whereas in reality, these exist. A perfect market assumption of market prices not being influenced by a single seller or buyer (Hussainey et al, 2011, p.59) is unlikely to hold. The financial markets operate in a chaotic and unpredicted world and in reality, costs like agency, bankruptcy, and transaction costs are incurred when investors buy or sell their shares and tax will be charged as well as inflation (Abor and Bokpin, 2010, p. 180). Moreover, monopoly exists where a single seller can influence price. The ongoing war in Libya for instance has led to a large increase in fuel price all around the world (Barbajosa, 2011). However, the third assumption of no taxation will hold to a great extent giving that the United Kingdom no taxation rule on capital gains below  £9200 applies, whereas all dividends are tax charged (Atrill, 2009, p. 372). The tax pos ition of an investor to a great extent will determine whether they prefer a capital gain to dividend and vice versa and shareholders will invest in companies whose dividend policies are in line with their investment needs DIVIDEND RELEVANCE THEORY This theory propounded by Lintner (1956) and Gordon (1959) is founded on the assumption that a shareholder will prefer to receive a dividend payment which is certain as oppose to investing the same amount in an investment whose value is not certain corroborating the point made by Aspire Plc Director of Operations that a known dividend now is preferred by shareholders to an uncertain capital gain in the future. This is similar to the bird in the hand dividend theory which says that a bird (dividend) in hand is worth more than two (capital gains) in the bush. Giving that future cash flows are uncertain, an investor will prefer dividends to retained earnings (Hussainey, 2011, p. 59). It therefore maintained that dividends are preferred to capital gains as a result of shareholders being risk averse. Some of their arguments is founded on the assumptions that dividends are a signal to shareholders and investors about the prospects of a company. This arises as a result of the asymmetry of i nformation between shareholders and managers (Alnold, 2007, p. 429). Thus shareholders see dividend as a means of passing across information to them as to the well being of their investments. A rise in dividend to the shareholder is a sign that the company has good prospects and share price tends to rise while a cut in dividend signals a poor performance (Tse, 2005, p. 14). Share prices thus go up when there is increase in dividend and go down when there is a cut in dividend and market makes use of announcement of changes in dividend payments in assessing the value of a security (Tse, 2005, p.14 in Pettit (1972). A pitfall of this notion is that an increase in dividend may implies that the company is short of positive net present value projects to invest in or has weak investments opportunities and as a result dispense cash out as dividend to shareholders (Baker and Wurgler, 2004, p. 1128). Apple does not pay dividend partly because of a similar reason that dividend payments give a negative perception that the company has run out of investments opportunities and as such will not grow much more (Elmer-Dewitt, 2010). Alternatively, companies with zero dividend shares like Berkshire Hathaway face a dilemma as to how to convey information about current performance and future prospects of the company if dividends are a means of passing on such information to the shareholders. Although investors invest in companies for various reasons, while some rely on dividend as a source of regular income like the pensioner and institutional investors who rely on dividend payments to meet various obligations and needs to meet, others prefer capital gains. However, like the argument put forward by the Sales Director of Aspire Plc that dividend policy should be structured to suit the type of shareholders a company has and dividend paid according to their needs,   company dividend policy should be drafted base on the company’s clientele (shareholders) base and their needs or income requirements. Aspire Plc shareholders are majorly individuals, pension funds and insurance companies having total shares holdings of 66.7%, giving the obvious that the company’s majority clientele base is mainly shareholders who have liabilities to meet and would therefore prefer that dividend be paid as against having them invested for capital gains which a unit and investment fund company will have a preference for. Regardless of the fact that shareholders want dividends paid to meet obligations and income needs, they are also interested in the growth of the company. In dispensing cash as dividends to shareholders or reinvesting to yield a capital gain, a company should also consider shareholders tax preference. While some shareholders want dividends, they do not want the tax liability that comes with it. The United Kingdom tax law exempt capital gains below  £9200 whereas dividends are taxable. As a result, shareholders will want to delay dividend being paid to them to take advantage of this exemption. Similarly, if there is share appreciation, the tax benefits of deferring capital gains into the future may outweigh the cost of paying a higher tax rate on a relatively small dividend (Whitworth and Zhang, 2010, p.681). In an attempt to send a positive signal about future prospects of a company, company pays dividend despites its tax disadvantages. The cost of this signalling is that cash dividends are taxed higher than capital gains. While some investors would rather have capital gains to cut down on tax impact, others may prefer dividends beca use they prefer immediate cash in hand (Hussainey, 2011, p.60). RESIDUAL THEORY The theory which share a similar view with Modigliani and Miller’s except that it recognises issue costs but there is no taxation and market imperfections and argued that though dividend are important, the pattern is not. It further reiterates that a firm should pay dividend from cash remaining after investing in net positive value projects. The problem is how an investor knows that a company is investing in projects that will enhance the value of a company due to the asymmetry of information between management and investors or shareholders?. Payments of dividend is a means by which managers signal the true value of the firm and communicate insider information about the company to the shareholders (Tse, 2005, p.13). It brings about the issue of agency as an investor cannot tell that his or her dividend accrued to him or her has been reinvested in positive or negative net present value projects or used by the directors to pursue their own interest of empire building to the detr iment of investors. A typical example is Enron Corporation that has its managers claimed to have been reinvesting shareholders money and creating value through acquisition of over forty one companies, investments worth billions of dollars   and increase in share price from $57.10 to $90.56 within 1998 by cooking fraudulent accounting information which the shareholders relied on. Its pre-initial public offering shares went from $10 million to $372 million within a day. It was soon discovered that the managers indulged in creative accounting to hide losses worth about $35 billion and had overstated income by $586 million. The share price went from $90.56 to $8.40 and subsequently to 61 cents (Gini et al, 2009, pp.110-114). Shareholders of firms can thus avoid incurring agency costs by reducing the cash available to the shareholders through the demand for dividend to reduce excess free cash flow. (ACCA F9, 2010, pp. 375-376) and (Hussainey, 2011, p. 60). ZERO DIVIDEND POLICY Some companies adopted a zero dividend policy whereby they do not pay dividends to their shareholders rather plough the cash back into the business to generate future capital gains. Companies such as Berkshire Hathaway, Google, Apple, and Microsoft until recently do not pay dividends.   Apple do not pay dividend despite its holdings in cash and marketable securities which have grown from $24.5 billion to $46 billion. Its Chief executive Officer had said that the company has no plans of paying dividend in the near future. The company believes that cash hoard is a fast and easy means of financing investments projects such as acquisition, Research and Development in new products and put the company in less fewer risks by using retained earnings as opposed to external sources of finance to avoid exposing the entire company to risk (Ghosh, 2011). This may be due to the fact that the company’s major shareholders are co-founder Steve Jobs, who owns more than 5.5 million shares, App le engineer and vice president Sina Tamaddon with 290,000 shares, and retail chief Ron Johnson with 232,000 shares. Other shareholders are institutional and Mutual Fund Holders. However, as of April 2009, more than 71 percent of Apples stock was owned by institutions and mutual funds with the largest institutional stock holder being FMR LLC, with 39.2 million shares, followed by Barclays Global Investors with 37 million. The top mutual fund holder is The Growth Fund of America with 24.1 million shares. In July 2009, the companys stock was trading at $142.40 per share (Desjardins, 2011). This goes to show that 71% of its shareholders are mutual fund trusts who do not have immediate pressing needs to meet and would therefore prefer a capital gain to dividend, hence the use of retained earnings by Apple to finance its business. Also, giving the nature of Apple’s business, the company needs to invest in research and development which most times takes years for a breakthrough to m anifest. Apple would have also chosen not to pay dividend due to failure of who had almost $60-billion of cash on the balance sheet, from which they used about $32-billion to make a special one-time dividend in 2004. Microsoft’s share chart showns that its share price has gone nowhere in ten years. Not even a number of stock buybacks have helped push up the stock price. Also, Cisco Systems announcement to start paying a dividend had its shares plunged from almost $70 in 2000 to just above $20 no, while Apple shares have skyrocketed from $7 per share in 2003 to more than $333 currently (Ghosh, 2011). CONCLUSION REFERENCE ABOR, J AND BOKPIN, G,A. 2010. Investment opportunities, corporate finance, and dividend payout policy: Evidence from emerging markets. Studies in economics and Finance, 27 (3), pp.180-195). ATRILL, P AND MCLANEY, E. 2008. Accounting   and Finance for Non-Specialists. 6th edn. England: Pearson Education. ATRILL, P. 2009. Financial Management for Decision Makers. 5th edn. England:   Pearson Education. Apple, Inc. (AAPN) Dividend Summary [WWW] (dividendinformation.com/AAPL_dividends (May 2011). ALNOLD, G. 2007. Corporate Financial Management. England: Pearson Education Limited. ACCA, F9. 2010. Financial Management: Complete text-December 2010. Berkshire: Kaplan Publishing UK. Barbajosa, A. 2011. Analysis: U.S. leverage to crimp Iranian oil exports fades. [WWW] reuters.com/article/2011/05/04/businesspro-us-iran-oil-leveage- (May 2 2011). BAKER, M   AND WURGLER, J. 2004. A catering theory of dividend. The Journal of Finance, LIX (3), pp. 1125-1166. CHIANG,K, FRANKFURTER,G.M, KOSEDAG, A, AND WOOD JR,B,G. 2006. The perception of dividends by professional investors. Manageria Finance [Online Journal], 32 (1), pp. 60-81. Available from Emerald at emeraldinsight.com/search.htm?st1=The+perception+of+dividends+by++professional+investorsct=allec=1bf=1go=Go (April 22 2011). COLLINS, D. 2006. Enron: the good, the bad and the really ugly. In: GINI, A and MARCOUK, A.M. Case studies in business ethics. 6th.Edn. London: Pearson prentice Hall, pp. 104-115. (CNET news, 1997). http://news.cnet.com/2009-1001-201295.html DESJARDINS, D. 2011. Who Owns the Apple Computer Company? [WWW] ehow.com/about_5143792_owns-apple-computer-company.html (April 25 2011). ELMER-DEWITT, P. 2010. Why Steve Jobs doesnt Pay Dividends. [WWW] http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2010/08/13/why-steve-jobs-doesnt-pay-dividends/ (April 12 2011). GHOSH, P. 2011. Why doesn’t Apple pay a dividend? [WWW] ibtimes.com/articles/98718/20110107/why-doesn-t-apple-pay-a-dividend.htm (April 12 2011). HUSSAINEY, K, MGBAME,C. O AND MGBAME, A.M. 2011. Dividend policy and share price volatility: UK evidence. The Journal of Risk Finance [Online Journal], 12 (1), pp. 57-68. Available from Emerald at emeraldinsight.com/search.htm?st1=Dividend+policy+and+share+price+volatility%3A+UK+evidencect=allec=1bf=1go=Go (April 15 2011). JONES, A. 2011.   Barclays must   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clear Mists for Investors [WWW] ft.com/cms/s/0/8bdc54f6-70f4-11e0-962a-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1Lnlyn0w7 (May 8 2011) TSE, C. 2005. Use dividends to signal or not: an examination of the UK payout patterns. Managerial Finance. 31 (4), pp. 12-33. Tesco Major shareholders tescoplc.com/plc/ir/financials/shareholders/ 9/5/11 TESCO. 2010. Annual Report. WATSON, D AND HEAD, A.   2007. Corporate Finance. 4th edn. England: Pearson Education Limited. WHITWORTH, J AND ZHANG,Y.2010. Accrued capital gains and ex-dividend day pricing. Managerial Finance Vol. 36 No. 8, 2010 pp. 680-702

Gender in legal theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Gender in legal theory - Essay Example At a practical level, some jurists hope to improve society by studying what the law is, what it ought to be, and how it actually operates. They seek a deeper understanding behind laws seemingly unpredictable and uncertain nature. Feminist jurisprudence then is that part of jurisprudence pertaining to women. To understand the term more, Weiss and Young (2006) discussed about The Rise of Feminist Jurisprudence. They said: â€Å"The liberal feminism inherited by the womens liberation movement of the 1960s was based on emancipatory theory and sought to dismantle the positive legal barriers that had denied women equal opportunity with men. The theory behind those goals was that the rights of individuals as traditionally understood in a liberal society should transcend gender differences (McElroy, 1991). This brand of legal feminism was in many ways exemplified by Ruth Bader Ginsburg, now associate justice of the Supreme Court, who said in a 1988 speech, "Generalizations about the way women or men are . . . cannot guide me reliably in making decisions about particular individuals." (Rosen, 1993). As general counsel of the American Civil Liberties Unions Womens Rights Project in the 1970s, Ginsburg challenged laws that gave health benefits to wives of servicemen but not to husbands of servicewomen and prohibited women from engaging in certain types of business (such as running a bar) without a male co-owner. Feminists were also involved in efforts to overturn legal restrictions on contraception and abortion.† The authors also said: â€Å"The illiberal feminist legal theory (also known as "radical feminism"), which emerged during the 1980s, urges women to renounce traditional notions of rights and justice, now viewed as perpetuating male dominance. Some of the new feminists charge that the reforms achieved by "equality feminists" have dismantled protections beneficial to women

3 works of art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

3 works of art - Essay Example The gown looks like the nun uniform and she is lazily enveloped into the reverie or dream about the angel. This is an epitome of the spiritualism that an image can depict. Moreover, the environment that hooks up the angel and St.Teresa looks dreamy, implying the supernatural feeling that the paint is showing. In this paint, Caravaggio is showing a pretty realistic image of St.peter being crucified. He is keen on the posture of the people and the wood used to make the crucifix. It is a paint that shows the crucifixion of St.Peter as he asked people to do. He is crucified upside down as a symbol of not imitating his Lord Jesus Christ. The painting is so real that it shows the cloth that is wrapped around him to conceal his loins, the people lifting the cross and the obscurity of their faces in the shadows. The picture arouses feelings of sadness by looking at the way St.Peter has left his mouth open with his long beard and dully eyes, showing so much pain. The people lifting the crucifix are also showing fatigue since it is clear that they are straining to life the crucifix to its intended right position. This paint is a fascinating image that describes the evolution of the Catholic Church by Peter Paul Rubens. He is so artistic in the painting of women and men in their full physical features laying on each other in various postures. There is also the presence of leopards in shady trying to roar at the infants on the ground. This is a description of the spread of Catholic Churches across the world and the numerous challenges it has faced, behind the leopards, the adults and the infants is a dark blue sky that is not fully clear. It shows the beautiful sky, symbolizing the hope and feasibility of the Catholic Church

What Is Career Planning And Development Commerce Essay

What Is Career Planning And Development Commerce Essay Individuals can no longer expect job security and a career path that takes them through a steady progression of jobs of increasing status and responsibility. The employee has the lead responsibility for his or her career development. Supervisors, managers, and the organization can provide meaningful assistance in this process. There are numerous ways for an employer to contribute to an individual employees career development and at the same time meet the organizational needs. The outcomes desired by organizations include achieving the best match between people and jobs. Individuals desired outcomes range from status to job flexibility to monetary rewards, depending upon the situation.( Cheryl, H 2005) According to Tricia Jackson, 2004, Career Development is a process of assessing, aligning and balancing organizational and individual needs, capabilities and opportunities and challenges through multiple approaches and methods. It emphasizes the person as an individual who performs configures and adapts various work roles. Career development is not a mere management responsibility. It is a composite organizational process which involves people, addresses their ambitions, assigns them roles responsibilities commensurate with their potential, evaluates their performance, and creates Job positions to accommodate growth ambitions of employees. Career planning is the process of establishing short or long term career goals and objectives and defining the specific steps required to achieve them. These steps may include the type of jobs, training, development and other activities (Jackson, T 2004). Importance of career planning and development There is increasing rate of change of our organizations and in the knowledge and skills we need to perform our jobs. Both external and internal factors influence the need for career development. Among these factors, Slavenski and Buckner (1988) list the following: o The need to identify and forecast personnel needs o Social and demographic trends o The changing nature of work o Changing types of jobs o Equity and a multicultural work force o Worker productivity o Technological change and decreasing advancement opportunities o Organizational philosophies Employers are motivated to establish career development programs because such programs are seen as an effective response to various personnel problems, because top managers prefer to promote existing employees and to ensure a good fit between the work and the worker, and because employees have expressed interest in career development as a benefit (Gutteridge 1986). Above all, most organizations adopt career development programs in response to pragmatic human resource concerns and because they believe it will help ensure a continued supply of qualified, talented personnel (Gutteridge 1986, p. 58). It is a known fact that most professionals leave an organisation due to lack of career growth. Active career development initiatives by a company is a key retention tool to keep the best talent within its fold. (Sudipta Dev) Advantages of career planning and development Every organisation needs to retain people with the right skills and talent. This can be enabled by investing in their future growth and showing them the path to fulfil their dreams. In this process the effort put by employees gives a fillip to their performance and transforms into greater organisational productivity. The whole process should be well organised to receive full support from employees who will clearly see the advantages. It is mutually beneficial to the employee as well as the employer. No organisation can develop without taking its employees on the growth path and an individuals development is meaningless if it does not align with the organisational goals and strategies. When an individuals aspirations is directed elsewhere from that of his organisations it can lead to absolute chaos. Sudipta Dev) For the employees Career development programmes enable a deeper focus on an employees aims and aspirations-from identification of the handicaps being faced by an employee in accomplishing his goals to the solutions in terms of re-skilling or reassignment. This focus acts as the significant motivator for an employee to excel and exceed the targets From the employees point of view career development initiatives gives them a clear focus about their career track, the blind spots that they have to overcome and the final goal to be reached. This focussed approach works to their advantage from their everyday work to long-term aspirations. (Sudipta Dev) For the organization These career development efforts bring into focus high potential candidates who can be groomed for greater responsibilities in the future. (Sudipta Dev) n organisation focussed on developing the career path of its employees boosts the morale and ultimately the productivity of its staff. (Sudipta Dev) Purpose In undertaking its wide-sweeping Compensation Reform initiative, the Commonwealth of Virginia overhauled its classification and compensation system in favor of a modernized, flexible compensation and performance management system that offers employees the opportunity to more easily take advantage of career opportunities. The current initiative of Compensation Reform is Career Development. This Career Development Guide provides state employees and their management with a reference document that: Offers a general road map for continuing career and professional development. Provides an understanding of the behavioral and technical competencies that are required to effectively perform tasks in their occupations, and to use for career planning. Presents a reference document on learning and other developmental opportunities which may be used in preparation of Employee Development Plans a component of the Employee Work Profile The purpose of career development is to: Enhance each employees current performance Enable individuals to take advantage of future job opportunities Fulfill their employers goals for a dynamic and effective workforce. We live in uncertain times. Factors outside of the employee and employers control may affect the outcome of career actions. But one thing is true the best career development move is to perform well in ones current position. Consistent, high quality performance along with thoughtful career planning will help ensure continued success on the job. People at your company who want to advance their careers are always looking for ways to sharpen and improve their skill sets. Your challenge becomes making sure youre investing in learning programs that will best help your employees address their skill gaps, prepare for future roles, and achieve individual goals-thereby contributing to the success of your company. With carrer planning and Development employers can establish a clear path for employees to achieving their goals. Steps to career planning Steps to Career Planning Step Action 1 Conduct self-assessment. 2 Explore careers that interest you. 3 Make decisions and set goals. 4 Create an action planner. 5 Manage your career. It is important to know your overall goal. Think about where you would like to be at the end of your career and set your plan to get there. The best way to ensure compatibility and balance in your life and career is to consider all aspects of your life from the beginning of your plan. Once you have a sense of what you are trying to accomplish overall, it is important for you to establish your current status. A personal inventory can reveal your: abilities interests and attitudes The inventory will define your: strengths and weaknesses Looking for a match between your strengths and the work you are doing or considering is the most important step before making any decisions. Assessing your personality and attitudes will help you determine the best way for you to move toward your goal: What are your current skills and achievements? What about knowledge and values? How will your learning style impact your pursuit? What are your interests? When you are clear on these things, you will be able to make better choices about the direction you want your career to take and do a better job of convincing prospective employers that you are the best choice!

Positive Effects of Television Upon Children Essay -- Positive Effects

Positive Effects of Television Upon Children   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Without a doubt, television is the central and principal form of communication in many people’s lives. This form is most often exposed to a child who instantly becomes accustomed to its presence. Children are televisions largest audience, as Morris shows, â€Å"Children aged two to five look at the TV tube on an average of 28.4 hours a week; those between the ages of six and eleven average 23.6 hours a week†. Television has played an important role in many children’s lives and its viewing has been a favorite activity for many of them. The effects of television on children have been disputed. Some people have said that viewing time has a negative impact on children. Other people, however, feel that the early educational television productions for children help tehm learn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These important questions on the topic of children’s television viewing in its early beginnings continue to be debated in society. The creation of children’s television shows in the 1940s and 1950s offered children pure entertainment and very little smart education. According to Palmer, â€Å"there were a few shows that did teach children values and morals, but the true educational television shows for children did not appear until the late 1960s(28). Not only educational shows, but public television shows, dialogue, help in increasing a child’s vocabulary and in improving he/she speaking skills. Therefore, parents should encourage their children to watch more public television today because public television helps children to read.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Television supports reading, which in turn to improves language ability. Good programming improves reading and can increase thinking. The Himmelweit confirms, â€Å"Television in the long run encourages children to read books; a conclusion that can be reinforced by evidence from libraries, book clubs, and publishing companies† (Postman 33). Dr. Hemmelweit stresses this point; â€Å"Book reading comes into its own, not despite television but because of it†(33). Television has as both an entertainer and an educator for children. Neil Postman supports television for its valuable contribution to language development in children, saying, â€Å"Long before they have learned to read, or for that matter, even begun to master their language, children may accumulate, through television, a fund of knowledge that was simply inaccessib... ...ducational television programs finally came about. These shows succeeded in intellectually educating children while also entertaining them. They have positive affects on children of all races and social status. Those who viewed it gained more knowledge over those who did not. They offered educational and beneficial programming that helps in improving a child’s vocabulary and by encouraging their reading. These programs also taught children moral values. Because public television teaches children the basic knowledge and the valuable facts of life, parents should encourage their children to watch more public television. Works Cited Lesser, Gerald S. Children and Television. New York: Random House, 1974. Lystad, Mary. â€Å"20 Years on Sesame Street.† Children Today. 1989: 20-22 Moody, Kate. Growing up on Television. New York: Times Books, 1980. Morris, Norman S. Televisions Child. Boston: Little Brown, 1971. Palmer, Edward L. Children in the Cradle of Television. United States of America: D.C. Health, 1987. Postman, Neil. Television and the Teaching of English. New York: Appleton-Centery-Crofts, 1961. Schneider, Cy. Children’s Television. Chicago: NTC Business Books, 1987.

Managing a diverse workforce

Managing a Diverse Workforce Our society is becoming more diverse. We can see people from different nation or different racial in our daily life, this situation is more obvious in school and workplace, especially in multinational. A diverse workforce combines employees from different nations, ethnic and gender that together create a more creative, innovative, and productive workforce. Many companies see workplace diversity as an investment toward building a better business.However, although workplace diversity can help many make more profits, it also brings some challenges to employees and managers. Below are several common challenges often happened in workplace diversity. First challenge is poor communication (Holt, n. D. ). Workplace diversity often has employees from various backgrounds and experiences. Sometimes, those employees do not have common language. Therefore, it caused difficulties for employees to communicate with each other, and lead to misunderstandings and a decrease in productivity.Second challenge is resistance (Holt, n. D. ). Although oracle diversity can help company make more profits, some employees or business owners may not want to make any change, because those people only want to stay in their comfort zone. Therefore, making diversity in workplace without any plan may cause negative impacts, such as decrease productivity, damage morale and lead to bad workplace environment. Third challenge is discrimination. Employees may discriminate against others because those employees think they are better than others.There are several types of discrimination may happened in workplace. For example, local employees may discriminate against foreign employees because local employees think they have geographical advantages, male may discriminate against female because male think they are better than female, white may discriminate against black or yellow because white think they are superior than them. There are too many possible discrimination may hap pen in workplace. For managing a diverse workplace, some companies use affirmative action to maintain the diverse in workplace.

THE HOLOCAUST Essay - 1711 Words

THE HOLOCAUST The Holocaust was the mass annihilation of the European Jews by the National Socialist Party (Nazi) of Germany from 1933 to 1945. In The War of the Jews, Dawidowicz explains the conditions that made anti-Semitism politically acceptable. The Germans of the nineteenth century inherited a Christian-inspired popular and intellectual anti-Semitism that depicted Jews as foreigners- a state within a state- killers of Christ, well poisoners, and a cause of every misfortune, whether natural, economic, or political. The forces of naturalism, Volkist theory, bogus racial science, and fear of modernity reinforced and built upon this foundation. 1 The impact of the Holocaust has greatly affected the society of the past and the†¦show more content†¦When Britain refused his offer, Hitler gave Jews the opportunity to leave Germany. At this time many educated Jews left Germany, including the Einstein family. However, countries began to close their borders to German Jews. These countries were either ignorant to the fate of the Jews or they did not care enough to do anything to help them. In his mind Hitler associated his declaration of war on September 1, 1939 with his promise to destroy the Jews.5 Hitler believed that someday the world would thank him for destroying the Jewish race. In one of the few speeches in which Hitler does not mention the Jews he states Whoever deviates from the rules for the humane conduct of war can expect nothing else from us, but that we will take the same steps.6 In saying this he clearly warned the world that anyone who interferes with his plans will go down with the Jews. This forewarning brought fear to those who had intentions to step in and help out. People had reason to fear their own well being and as a result, six million Jews were executed under Hitler’s control. The war and the extermination of Jews were interrelated. Hitler was fighting two wars: a traditional military fought war in effort to gain resources and one to achieve National Socialist ideology by killing off the Jewish race. The resulting confusion of war protected Hitler from his murderous acts. In order to getShow MoreRelatedHolocaust : Holocaust And Holocaust1247 Words   |  5 Pages History of holocaust Holocaust Term Paper Jewish people were tortured, abused, and subjected through horrific unfathomable situations by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust. Despite all of the unpragmatic hardships Jews all over Europe faced, many stayed true to their faith and religion. There are numerous stories in which Jewish people tried to keep the roots of their religion well knowing the risk of torture and death. The never ending fear of Jewish people living in the Ghettos and trying to surviveRead MoreHolocaust : The Holocaust And Holocaust1247 Words   |  5 PagesWe all know the horrific experience, the Jews faced during the Holocaust and after it. Even after some survived the holocaust physically, they will always be tormented and haunted by those gruesome memories from those inhumane actions that were directed towards them. After, all they went through it is obvious the holocaust affected the survivor s drastically, but how about the future generations of Jews. In which I believe the holocaust did in fact affect the second generation, but the third generationRead MoreThe Holocaust : A Holocaust930 Words   |  4 PagesThe Holocaust is one of the most well known genocides that have taken place. It had destroyed millions of Jewish lives and has caused a historical pain to these people that cannot be taken away till this day. The Holocaust can be seen from Goldhagen’s perspective of eliminationism. It did have all of the five steps and yet there was uniqueness about the Holocaust. The first one that can be looked at is the concentration camp itself. The history of the camp and the stories are still being unfoldedRead MoreHolocaust : The Holocaust And Holocaust1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe Holocaust The holocaust is a term originally referred to a religious rite in which an offering is incinerated. But today, has another meaning; is any human disaster of great magnitude and importance, mainly refers to the extermination of the Jews who lived in Europe conducted by the Germany government. Throughout the nineteenth century, the Jewish community was improving their situation and their rights equalized to those of other citizens in most European countries. But despite this, these peopleRead MoreHolocaust : An Examination Of The Holocaust1117 Words   |  5 Pages In the summer of 1944 the soviets freed the Jewish from the concentration camps like Belzec, Treblinka and the most infamous killing camp Auschwitz. In an examination of the holocaust I will converse the effects of the holocaust and their worlds response, to its victims and perpetrators. The aftermath of the holocaust shows the mass Genocide people found, as Germany cures itself it showed civilization that we should not let someone manipulate us, and let them change our ideals and beliefs. I willRead MoreThe Holocaust Of The Jewish Holocaust858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Jewish Holocaust is often described as the largest, most gruesome holocaust in history. It began in 1933 with the rise of Adolf Hitler and lasted nearly twelve years until the Nazi Party were defeated by the Allied powers in 1945. The expression â€Å"Holocaust† originated from Greece which is translated to â€Å"sacrifice by fire†. This is a very proper name considering the slaughter and carnage of Jewi sh people inflicted by the Nazis. In addition to the Jewish, Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexualRead MoreThe Holocaust : The Causes Of The Holocaust804 Words   |  4 PagesAfter WW2, there was a thing called the holocaust. There were many concentration camps all over Germany where many Jews were killed in different ways. It happened between WW1 and WW2, 1933-1945. My position on why this happened is that Germany was going through a rough time, so Hitler wanted their country to resemble power. Read on to learn more about the causes and ways the Holocaust could have been avoided. The Holocaust was a mass slaying of groups of people which that Germany saw as inferiorRead MoreThe holocaust959 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Year 10 Humanities 2013 Unit 2: World War 2 Task 2 The Holocaust The Causes of the Holocaust The Process of the Holocaust In 1933, the Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million. Most European Jews lived in countries that Germany would occupy during World War II. By 1945, the Germans killed nearly two out of every three European Jews as part of the Final Solution, the Nazi policy to murder the Jews of Europe. Although Jews, whom the Nazis deemed a priority danger toRead MoreThe Holocaust971 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Holocaust The Holocaust was one of the most horrible and dreaded events in history. Millions of Jews were killed, leaving many families devastated and hopeless. With the goal of racial purity, Adolf Hitler- along with many other Germans believed the Jews caused the defeat of their country, and led the Nazis to the elimination of Jews. For this reason, â€Å"Even in the early 21st century, the legacy of the Holocaust endures†¦as many as 12,000 Jews were killed every day† (The Holocaust). LaterRead MoreHolocaust Final Draft : Holocaust1495 Words   |  6 PagesAnthony Harmon Holocaust Final draft World History The holocaust started when Adolf Hitler became Germany’s dictator, and they started the organization called the Nazis. They started by terrorizing the Jewish community in Germany, then eventually put them all into concentration camps. In one of the bigger camps, they experimented and took newborn babies away from the nursing mothers and they were seeing how long they would survive without feeding. Between 1945 and 1985, about 5,000 Nazi